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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Proneural genes ： ウィキペディア英語版 Proneural genes Proneural genes encode transcription factors of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) class which are responsible for the development of neuroectodermal progenitor cells. Proneural genes have multiple functions in neural development. They integrate positional information and contribute to the specification of progenitor-cell identity. From the same ectodermal cell types, neural or epidermal cells can develop based on interactions between proneural and neurogenic genes. Neurogenic genes are so called because loss of function mutants show an increase number of developed neural precursors. On the other hand, proneural genes mutants fail to develop neural precursor cells. The proneural genes are expressed in groups of cells (proneural clusters) from which one progenitor cell – typically the one in the middle – will be singled out, leading to the formation of many different types of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Proneural genes encode a group of bHLH proteins that play crucial roles in controlling cell fate in a variety of tissue types. Basic helix-loop-helix proteins are characterized by two alpha helixes separated by a loop. The helixes mediate dimerization, and the adjacent basic region is required for DNA binding.〔 The human genome contains approximately 125 bHLH factors. ==Discovery== The proneural genes were first identified in the 1920s , when mutant flies that lacked subsets of external sense organs or bristles were found. Later on, in the 1970s, the achaete-scute complex, a complex of genes that are involved in regulating the early steps of neural development in ''Drosophila'', were identified . Using molecular tools it was possible to isolate the first four genes of this complex: achaete (ac), scute (sc), lethal of scute (lsc) and asense (ase).〔 Another proneural gene, atonal (ato) was isolated more recently and two ato-related genes, amos and cato, were later-isolated, defining a second family of proneural genes – atonal complex. Recently , the first homologue of the fly proneural genes to be found in mammals was mash1.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Proneural genes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.